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Tourism
Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the
provision of services to support this leisure travel. The World Tourism
Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited". Tourism has become a popular global
leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist
arrivals.Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the
consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in
the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service
industries associated with tourism. These service industries include
transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as
hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality
industry services such as spas and resorts.
Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of tourism which appeals
to the ecologically and socially conscious. Generally speaking, ecotourism
focuses on local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth,
and learning new ways to live on the planet; typically involving travel to
destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary
attractions.Health tourism has always existed, but it was not until the
eighteenth century that it became important. In England, it was associated with
spas, places with supposedly health-giving mineral waters, treating diseases
from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis. The most popular resorts were Bath,
Cheltenham, Buxton, Harrogate, and Tunbridge Wells. Visits to take 'the waters'
also allowed the visitors to attend balls and other entertainments. Continental
Spas such as Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) attracted many fashionable travellers by
the nineteenth century.Leisure travel was associated with the industrialisation
of United Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time to the
increasing industrial population.Winter sports were largely invented by the
British leisured classes, initially at the Swiss village of Zermatt (Valais),
and St Moritz in 1864. The first packaged winter sports holidays took place in
1902 at Adelboden, Switzerland. Winter sports were a natural answer for a
leisured class looking for amusement during the coldest season.Mass tourism
could only develop with improvements in technology allowed the transport of
large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest,
and greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.
The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context
travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful
journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply
a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists.Sustainable
tourism is becoming more popular as people start to realize the devastating
effects poorly planned tourism can have on communities. Receptive tourism is now
growing at a very rapid rate in many developing countries, where it is often the
most important economic activity in local GDP.In recent years, second holidays
or vacations have become more popular as people's discretionary income
increases. Typical combinations are a package to the typical mass tourist
resort, with a winter skiing holiday or weekend break to a city or national
park.Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the
consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in
the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service
industries associated with tourism. These service industries include
transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as
hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality
industry services such as spas and resorts. Mass tourism, Winter tourism,
Leisure travel, Health tourism, Pilgrimage.
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